Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain | Volume 6 Number 2 2006 © The Board of Management and Trustees of the British Journal of Anaesthesia [2006]. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Perioperative nerve dysfunction and peripheral nerve blockade
Clinical Fellow in Regional Anaesthesia, Addenbrooke's Hospital Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
Consultant Anaesthetist, Department of Anaesthetics Box 93 Addenbrooke's Hospital Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK Tel: 01223 217434 Fax: 01223 217223 E-mail: martin.herrick@addenbrookes.nhs.uk (for correspondence)
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
| Key points Temporary postoperative paraesthesia is not uncommon. The incidence of permanent nerve damage approximates to 1 in 5000. A nerve stimulator will not necessarily prevent nerve damage. Patient positioning and surgery is often implicated in perioperative nerve damage.
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The popularity of peripheral nerve blockade has increased rapidly over recent years. The analgesia provided by a nerve block is advantageous after operation, reduces nurse intervention and opioid administration, and, in the day case setting, allows patients to go home pain free. Peripheral nerve blockade, when used alone or with a small amount of sedation, may avoid the need for general anaesthesia with its potential adverse effects. After the block is established, physiological disturbance is minimal, and time in the recovery room is markedly reduced. However, patients and some professionals may have exaggerated fears and misconceptions about regional anaesthetic techniques. It is therefore important that the anaesthetist has an understanding of
| Pathological classification of nerve damage |
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| Incidence |
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| Risk vs hazard |
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| Reducing the risk of neurological damage |
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Training
Nerve location techniques
Asleep vs awake
Type of needle
| Additional factors |
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Additives
Surgery
Patient pathology
Patient positioning